Latex Basics

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# Latex Basics
### Justin Post

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# What is `$\LaTeX$`?

- Typesetting tool with super professional output
    + Plain text file (`.tex`) that is converted to output
    + Can completely control spacing/location of everything

- Easily include:
    + Math equations `$\bar{y}=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}y_i$`
    + Sections with tables of contents
    + Tables
    + Figures
    + Bibliography

- Generally, output to PDF (doc or slides) but can output to HTML or others

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# How to get started with `$\LaTeX$`?

Free!

- Many use [overleaf](https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Learn_LaTeX_in_30_minutes) to collaborate (which may cost money)

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- Or download [MacTex or MikTex](https://www.latex-project.org/get/#tex-distributions)

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- Can write basic tex in most Markdown languages
    + RStudio can act as a `.tex` editor too!
    
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`.tex` documents have two main parts:
- preamble
    + Define type of document, author, title, etc.
    + Read in packages
    + Define macros
- Document body

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# Basic Commands First

- We write math stuff a lot... All basic symbols are there for us

+ `\mu` = `$\mu$`, `\beta` = `$\beta$`, `\sigma` = `$\sigma$`, `\Sigma` = `$\Sigma$`

- Subscripting and superscripting is easy, just mind your `{}`

+ `\sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i` = `$\sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i$`
    + `\sum_{i=1}^{n_i} y_{i_k}` = `$\sum_{i=1}^{n_i} y_{i_k}$`
    
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- Create an R Markdown doc and add some `$\LaTeX$`

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# Common `.tex` Templates and Packages

**Article**
```
\documentclass[12pt]{article} %(other options can go inside of [])
\usepackage{amsmath, graphicx,enumerate,undertilde}

%opening
\title{}
\author{}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\section{}
\subsection{}

\end{document}
```

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# Common `.tex` Templates and Packages

**Beamer Slides**
```
\documentclass{beamer}
\usetheme{default}

\title{Beamer Template}
\author{TeXstudio Team}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[plain]
    \maketitle
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Frame Title}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

```

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# Macros

- We write some things so often it'd be nice to have a shorthand.  Can add a macro to the preamble!

```
\newcommand{\mean}[1]{\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}#1_i}
```

- Now use it like any other command

+ `$\mean{y}$` = `$\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}y_i$`

```
\newcommand{\mean}[2]{\frac{1}{#2}\sum_{i=1}^{#2}#1_i}
```

- Now use it like any other command

+ `$\mean{y}{n}$` = `$\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}y_i$`
    
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That's it!  Not too hard to get the basics down.  Most syntax is intuitive once you practice a bit :D